What is Diabetes Surgery?
Diabetes surgery encompasses metabolic surgical procedures performed to control or even cure type 2 diabetes. These surgical methods are typically used in diabetic patients who are also obese and have not responded to medication or other treatments. The surgeries typically involve reducing the stomach size and bypassing part of the small intestine. This improves insulin sensitivity, enhances blood sugar control, and reduces the strain on the pancreas' ability to produce insulin. Diabetes surgery not only promotes weight loss but also helps balance blood sugar levels through hormonal and metabolic changes. However, proper patient selection and long-term follow-up are critical for the success of this treatment.
What Are the Symptoms of Diabetes?
Diabetes can manifest with various symptoms due to high blood sugar levels. The most common symptoms include extreme thirst and frequent urination, as the kidneys work harder to eliminate excess glucose. Additionally, unexplained weight loss, constant fatigue, and excessive hunger are noticeable. High blood sugar can lead to blurred vision and numbness or tingling in the hands and feet due to nerve damage. Skin dryness, itching, and fungal infections are also symptoms of diabetes. Furthermore, high blood sugar weakens the immune system, causing wounds to take longer to heal. If these symptoms are observed, it is crucial to consult a doctor for early diagnosis and treatment.
Who is a Candidate for Diabetes Surgery?
Diabetes surgery offers an effective solution, especially for type 2 diabetes patients who struggle to control their blood sugar levels and face weight problems. Typically, individuals with a BMI over 35 are considered suitable candidates for this surgery. However, in certain cases, individuals with a lower BMI who are unable to control their diabetes may also be considered for the procedure.
What Are the Advantages of Diabetes Surgery?
- Blood Sugar Control: After surgery, blood sugar levels drop rapidly, and many patients may reduce or completely stop using insulin or medications.
- Remission of Type 2 Diabetes: Many patients achieve remission of type 2 diabetes after the surgery, meaning they can maintain normal blood sugar levels for an extended period.
- Weight Loss: With stomach reduction and intestinal bypass methods, patients experience healthy long-term weight loss.
- Improvement in Associated Health Conditions: Issues caused by diabetes, such as high blood pressure, sleep apnea, and fatty liver disease, significantly improve after surgery.
- Improved Quality of Life: Blood sugar balance, weight loss, and improvement in health issues enhance physical mobility and overall quality of life.
What Are the Risks of Diabetes Surgery?
- Surgical Complications: Bleeding, infection, or anesthesia-related reactions are rare general surgical risks, but with an experienced surgeon, these risks can be minimized.
- Nutrient Deficiencies: Due to reduced nutrient absorption, vitamin B12, iron, or calcium deficiencies may occur. This can be easily managed with regular vitamin and mineral supplements.
- Dumping Sendromu:: Due to food moving too quickly through the intestines, nausea, dizziness, or fatigue may occur. This can be prevented with proper eating habits.
- Leakage Risk: While the risk of leakage at the suture sites is low, the surgeon's experience and careful monitoring further reduce this risk.
- Bowel Obstruction: Adhesions or obstructions in the intestines may occur rarely and may require additional surgical intervention.
How is Diabetes Surgery Performed?
Diabetes surgery is performed using the laparoscopic (minimally invasive) method. During the procedure, the stomach is reduced to a small pouch, which limits food intake. At the same time, a portion of the small intestine is bypassed, altering the absorption route for nutrients. This process triggers hormonal changes that improve insulin sensitivity and help control blood sugar levels. When performed by an experienced surgeon, this surgery has a high success rate.
How Long Does Diabetes Surgery Take?
Diabetes surgery typically lasts between 2 to 3 hours. The duration can vary depending on the surgeon's experience, the patient's anatomical structure, and the surgical method used. This surgery, performed with the laparoscopic (minimally invasive) method, is less invasive and has a faster recovery process.
Post-Diabetes Surgery Care
- ✅Nutrition Plan: In the initial days, a liquid diet is followed, and gradually, pureed and soft foods are introduced. Eat slowly and in small portions to avoid overloading the stomach.
- 💊Vitamin and Mineral Supplements Regularly take B12, iron, calcium, and multivitamin supplements.
- 💧Fluid Intake: Fluids should be consumed 30 minutes before or after meals. Excessive fluid intake can cause unnecessary pressure on the stomach.
- 🍽 Avoiding Nutrition Mistakes: Avoid eating quickly, drinking carbonated beverages, and consuming high-calorie foods.